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Integrated Physics and Chemistry

(4) Science concepts. The student knows concepts of force and motion evident in everyday life.

The student is expected to:

1. calculate speed, momentum, acceleration, work, and power in systems such as in the human body, moving toys, and machines;
2. investigate and describe applications of Newton's laws such as in vehicle restraints, sports activities, geological processes, and satellite orbits;
3. analyze the effects caused by changing force or distance in simple machines as demonstrated in household devices, the human body, and vehicles; and
4. investigate and demonstrate mechanical advantage and efficiency of various machines such as levers, motors, wheels and axles, pulleys, and ramps.

(6) Science concepts. The student knows the impact of energy transformations in everyday life.

The student is expected to:

1. describe the law of conservation of energy;
2. investigate and demonstrate the movement of heat through solids, liquids, and gases by convection, conduction, and radiation;
3. analyze the efficiency of energy conversions that are responsible for the production of electricity such as from radiant, nuclear, and geothermal sources, fossil fuels such as coal, gas, oil, and the movement of water or wind;
4. investigate and compare economic and environmental impacts of using various energy sources such as rechargeable or disposable batteries and solar cells;
5. measure the thermal and electrical conductivity of various materials and explain results;
6. investigate and compare series and parallel circuits;
7. analyze the relationship between an electric current and the strength of its magnetic field using simple electromagnets; and
8. analyze the effects of heating and cooling processes in systems such as weather, living, and mechanical.

(8) Science concepts. The student knows that changes in matter affect everyday life.

The student is expected to:

1. distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter such as oxidation, digestion, changes in states, and stages in the rock cycle;
2. analyze energy changes that accompany chemical reactions such as those occurring in heat packs, cold packs, and glow sticks to classify them as endergonic or exergonic reactions;
3. investigate and identify the law of conservation of mass;
4. describe types of nuclear reactions such as fission and fusion and their roles in applications such as medicine and energy production; and
5. research and describe the environmental and economic impact of the end-products of chemical reactions.

Biology

(12) Science concepts. The student knows that interdependence and interactions occur within an ecosystem.

The student is expected to:

1. analyze the flow of energy through various cycles including the carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and water cycles;
2. interpret interactions among organisms exhibiting predation, parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism;
3. compare variations, tolerances, and adaptations of plants and animals in different biomes;
4. identify and illustrate that long-term survival of species is dependent on a resource base that may be limited; and
5. investigate and explain the interactions in an ecosystem including food chains, food webs, and food pyramids.

Chemistry

Not applicable.

Physics

(6) Science concepts. The student knows forces in nature.

The student is expected to:

1. identify the influence of mass and distance on gravitational forces;
2. research and describe the historical development of the concepts of gravitational, electrical, and magnetic force;
3. identify and analyze the influences of charge and distance on electric forces;
4. demonstrate the relationship between electricity and magnetism;
5. design and analyze electric circuits; and
6. identify examples of electrical and magnetic forces in everyday life.