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Grade 5

(5.1) Scientific processes. The student conducts field and laboratory investigations following home and school safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.

The student is expected to:

1. demonstrate safe practices during field and laboratory investigations; and
2. make wise choices in the use and conservation of resources and the disposal or recycling of materials.

(5.11) Science concepts. The student knows that certain past events affect present and future events.

The student is expected to:

1. identify and observe actions that require time for changes to be measurable, including growth, erosion, dissolving, weathering, and flow;
2. draw conclusions about "what happened before" using data such as from tree-growth rings and sedimentary rock sequences; and
3. identify past events that led to the formation of the Earth's renewable, non-renewable, and inexhaustible resources.

(5.12) Science concepts. The student knows that the natural world includes earth materials and objects in the sky.

The student is expected to:

1. interpret how land forms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive forces such as deposition of sediment and weathering;
2. describe processes responsible for the formation of coal, oil, gas, and minerals;
3. identify the physical characteristics of the Earth and compare them to the physical characteristics of the moon; and
4. identify gravity as the force that keeps planets in orbit around the Sun and the moon in orbit around the Earth.

Grade 6

(6.1) Scientific processes. The student conducts field and laboratory investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices.

The student is expected to:

1. demonstrate safe practices during field and laboratory investigations; and
2. make wise choices in the use and conservation of resources and the disposal or recycling of materials.

(6.6) Science concepts. The student knows that there is a relationship between force and motion.

The student is expected to:

1. identify and describe the changes in position, direction of motion, and speed of an object when acted upon by force;
2. demonstrate that changes in motion can be measured and graphically represented; and
3. identify forces that shape features of the Earth including uplifting, movement of water, and volcanic activity.

Grade 7

(7.1) Scientific processes. The student conducts field and laboratory investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices.

The student is expected to:

1. demonstrate safe practices during field and laboratory investigations; and
2. make wise choices in the use and conservation of resources and the disposal or recycling of materials.

(7.12) Science concepts. The student knows that there is a relationship between organisms and the environment.

The student is expected to:

1. identify components of an ecosystem;
2. observe and describe how organisms including producers, consumers, and decomposers live together in an environment and use existing resources;
3. describe how different environments support different varieties of organisms; and
4. observe and describe the role of ecological succession in ecosystems.

(7.14) Science concepts. The student knows that natural events and human activity can alter Earth systems.

The student is expected to:

1. describe and predict the impact of different catastrophic events on the Earth;
2. analyze effects of regional erosional deposition and weathering; and
3. make inferences and draw conclusions about effects of human activity on Earth's renewable, non-renewable, and inexhaustible resources.

Grade 8

(8.1) Scientific processes. The student conducts field and laboratory investigations using safe, environmentally appropriate, and ethical practices.

The student is expected to:

1. demonstrate safe practices during field and laboratory investigations; and
2. make wise choices in the use and conservation of resources and the disposal or recycling of materials.

(8.6) Science concepts. The student knows that interdependence occurs among living systems.

The student is expected to:

1. describe interactions among systems in the human organism;
2. identify feedback mechanisms that maintain equilibrium of systems such as body temperature, turgor pressure, and chemical reactions; and
3. describe interactions within ecosystems.

(8.11) Science concepts. The student knows that traits of species can change through generations and that the instructions for traits are contained in the genetic material of the organisms.

The student is expected to:

1. identify that change in environmental conditions can affect the survival of individuals and of species;
2. distinguish between inherited traits and other characteristics that result from interactions with the environment; and
3. make predictions about possible outcomes of various genetic combinations of inherited characteristics.

(8.12) Science concepts. The student knows that cycles exist in Earth systems.

The student is expected to:

1. analyze and predict the sequence of events in the lunar and rock cycles;
2. relate the role of oceans to climatic changes; and
3. predict the results of modifying the Earth's nitrogen, water, and carbon cycles.

(8.14) Science concepts. The student knows that natural events and human activity can alter Earth systems.

The student is expected to:

1. predict land features resulting from gradual changes such as mountain building, beach erosion, land subsidence, and continental drift;
2. analyze how natural or human events may have contributed to the extinction of some species; and
3. describe how human activities have modified soil, water, and air quality.